/*

Volton Template

http://www.templatemo.com/tm-441-volton

*/

@font-face {
  font-family: 'robotoregular';
  src: url("../fonts/Roboto-Regular-webfont.eot");
  src: url("../fonts/Roboto-Regular-webfont.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/Roboto-Regular-webfont.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/Roboto-Regular-webfont.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/Roboto-Regular-webfont.svg#robotoregular") format("svg");
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'robotobold';
  src: url("../fonts/Roboto-Bold-webfont.eot");
  src: url("../fonts/Roboto-Bold-webfont.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/Roboto-Bold-webfont.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/Roboto-Bold-webfont.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/Roboto-Bold-webfont.svg#robotobold") format("svg");
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------
 1. Reset
-------------------------------------------------------- */
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  font-size: 100%;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

main {
  display: block;
}

body {
  line-height: 1;
}

ol,
ul {
  list-style: none;
}

blockquote,
q {
  quotes: none;
}

blockquote:before,
blockquote:after {
  content: '';
  content: none;
}

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border-spacing: 0;
}

html {
  font-size: 100%;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

a:focus {
  outline: none;
}

article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
nav,
section {
  display: block;
}

audio,
canvas,
video {
  display: inline-block;
  *display: inline;
  *zoom: 1;
}

audio:not([controls]) {
  display: none;
}

sub,
sup {
  line-height: 0;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

sup {
  top: -.5em;
}

sub {
  bottom: -.25em;
}

img {
  border: 0;
  -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
}

button,
input,
select,
textarea {
  font-size: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  vertical-align: baseline;
  *vertical-align: middle;
}

button,
input {
  line-height: normal;
  *overflow: visible;
}

button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

button,
input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
  cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-appearance: button;
}

input[type="search"] {
  -webkit-appearance: textfield;
}

input[type="search"]:-webkit-search-decoration {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
}

textarea {
  overflow: auto;
  vertical-align: top;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------
 2. Basic Style
-------------------------------------------------------- */
body {
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 24px;
  color: #777777;
  font-family: 'robotoregular';
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

a {
  color: #006699;
  -webkit-transition: all 150ms ease-in-out;
  -moz-transition: all 150ms ease-in-out;
  -ms-transition: all 150ms ease-in-out;
  -o-transition: all 150ms ease-in-out;
  transition: all 150ms ease-in-out;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
a:hover {
  color: #555555;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {
  color: #555555;
}

::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  color: #999999;
}

:-moz-placeholder {
  /* Firefox 18- */
  color: #999999;
}

::-moz-placeholder {
  /* Firefox 19+ */
  color: #999999;
}

:-ms-input-placeholder {
  color: #999999;
}

.main-content,
.banner-bg {
  float: right;
  width: 77%;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 1290px) {
  .main-content,
  .banner-bg {
    width: 70%;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .main-content,
  .banner-bg {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

.content-wrapper {
  padding: 0 80px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .content-wrapper {
    padding: 0 30px;
  }
}

hr {
  position: relative;
  outline: 0;
  border: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 4px;
  background: #dddddd;
  margin-top: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.page-section {
  padding-top: 80px;
}

/* Extra bottom space after the Outreach section to give padding before the page bottom */
.page-section#outreach {
  padding-bottom: 120px;
}

/* Skills and focus areas lines: greyish-blue shades, derived from the journal blue (#2172b6) but desaturated toward grey */
.skill-line-1 {
  color: #006699;
}
.skill-line-2 {
  color: #327698;
}
.skill-line-3 {
  color: #658798;
}
.skill-line-4 {
  color: #979797;
}


/*---------------------------------------------------------
 3. Header
-------------------------------------------------------- */
.sidebar-menu {
  float: left;
  width: 23%;
  height: 100%;
  position: fixed;
  background-color: #5f6d7e;
  color: white;
  overflow-y: hidden;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 1290px) {
  .sidebar-menu {
    overflow-y: scroll;
    width: 30%;
  }
}

.top-section {
  padding: 30px 30px;
}

.profile-image {
  /* Make the profile image take most of the sidebar width, but cap it */
  width: 100%;
  /* max-width: 220px; */
  height: auto;
  border: 4px solid white;
  -webkit-border-radius: 50%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0 auto 20px; /* center horizontally */
}
.profile-image img {
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: cover; /* keep image covering the container if aspect differs */
}

.main-navigation {
  margin: 30px 0;
}
.main-navigation li {
  display: block;
}
.main-navigation li a {
  padding: 15px 40px;
  display: block;
  color: white;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.main-navigation li a i {
  margin-right: 15px;
  font-size: 24px;
}
.main-navigation li a:hover {
  background: #5b6878;
}
.main-navigation li a.active {
  background: #495461;
}
.main-navigation li a.active:hover {
  background: #495461;
}

.social-icons {
  display: block;
  padding: 30px 40px;
}
.social-icons li {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 20px;
}
.social-icons a {
  font-size: 18px;
  color: white;
}
.social-icons a:hover {
  color: #282e35;
}

/* SVG icons in .social-icons: scale with font-size and inherit color */
.social-icons .social-icon {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 1em;
  height: 1em;
  vertical-align: middle;
  fill: currentColor; /* lets CSS color and :hover change the icon colour */
}

.responsive-header {
  background: #5f6d7e;
  text-align: center;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .responsive-header .main-navigation {
    margin-top: 10px;
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .responsive-header p {
    color: white;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .responsive-header .profile-image {
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 50px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-right: 30px;
  }
  .responsive-header .profile-content {
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 30px;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .top-section {
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .main-navigation a {
    padding: 10px;
  }
  .main-navigation a.active {
    background: #5f6d7e !important;
  }
  .main-navigation a:hover {
    background: #5f6d7e !important;
  }
}

.toggle-menu {
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
  padding: 20px;
  margin-top: 30px;
  background: #6cc0f7;
  color: white;
  font-size: 18px;
}
.toggle-menu:hover {
  color: white;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------
 4. Main Content
-------------------------------------------------------- */
/*------ banner ------ */
.banner-bg {
  padding: 80px 80px;
  position: relative;
  /* background image removed per request */
  background-image: none;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
  background-size: cover;
  z-index: 2;
}

.banner-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: rgba(95, 109, 126, 0.4);
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 3;
}

.welcome-text {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 4;
}
.welcome-text h2 {
  font-size: 42px;
  font-family: 'robotobold';
  color: white;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.welcome-text h5 {
  font-size: 22px;
  color: white;
}

/* Banner heading classes (custom) */
.banner-title {
  font-size: 48px;
  font-weight: 700;
  /* margin: 0; */
  color: #ffffff;
}
.banner-sub {
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 24px; /* controlled by title margin-bottom override */
  color: #555555;
}
.banner-link {
  color: inherit;
}
.banner-link:hover {
  color: #2172b6;
}
.banner-lead {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 300;
  /* margin-top: 24px; */
  color: #555555;
  max-width: 800px;
}

.section-title {
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  color: #555555;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .banner-title { font-size: 28px; }
  .banner-sub   { font-size: 14px; }
  .banner-lead  { font-size: 12px; }
}

/* Override default .welcome-text h2 margin-bottom (higher specificity) */
.welcome-text .banner-title {
  margin-bottom: 0px; /* change this value to control the gap */
}

/*------ publications ------ */
/* Small heading for publication subsections */
.about-section-title {
  font-size: 18px; /* a bit larger than body text */
  /*font-weight: 600; */
  color: #444444;
  padding-top: 6px; /* visual padding beneath the heading */
  margin-top: 6px; /* spacing from the list */
  padding-bottom: 12px;
}

/* Publications list (plain text lines, one publication per line) */
.pub-list {
  margin: 0 0 30px 0;
}
.pub-line {
  padding: 10px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.pub-list .pub-line:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.pub-name {
  color: #4e4e4e;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.pub-journal {
  color: #2172b6;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.pub-year {
  color: #414141;
}
.pub-meta {
  color: #949494;
}
.pub-line a,
.outreach-line a {
  color: #525252;
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.pub-line a:hover,
.outreach-line a:hover {
  color: #2172b6;
}
.pub-line a.pub-doi {
  color: #bebebe;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .pub-line { font-size: 14px; }
}

/* Outreach section line */
.outreach-line {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}